Ullambana festival is the most popular festival in China and Japan. On this day
it is believed that the "Gates of the Hell" are opened and the dead ones pay
visit to their loved ones. During this festival offerings are made to the
spirits of the dead and to the hungry ghosts in order to bring good fortune and
luck. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month.
Origin, Significance and Legends
Ullambana is the festival of deliverance, and advocates and reinforces the
concept of filial piety. The word ullambana translates into "deliverance from
suffering", and specifically refers to the salvation that is granted to
tormented souls in hell.
According to Buddhist legend, the observance of this festival is based on the
story of Maudgalyayana (Moginlin or Mogganalla, as per Oriental legends) and his
mother.
Maudgalyayana discovers through his meditative powers that his mother has been
reborn in the realms of pain and suffering. When he learns that her spirit is
being subjected to hunger and misery, he decides to go to the netherworld to
relieve her of her suffering.
Once he goes there, Maudgalyayana finds his mother starving and in a pitiful
state. He offers her food, but when she tries to eat it, the food turns to
smouldering pieces of charcoal.
Maudgalyayana is distressed and seeks advice and help from his master, the
Buddha. Buddha tells him that his mother's offences are deep-rooted and that he
alone will not be able to ease her sufferings. He advises Maudgalyayana to make
offerings of five fruits, incense, oil, lamps, candles, beds and bedding to the
assembled members of the Order and pray along with them for the liberation of
his mother's soul.
The Buddha also tells Maudgalyayana that by making such an offering, not only
his mother but his forefathers and kith and kin will also escape suffering and
attain eternal bliss and salvation.
The day on which Maudgalyayana performed the act of compassionate filial conduct
and brought salvation to his forefathers is celebrated as Ullambana. It is
observed on the 15th day of the seventh Buddhist lunar month, and occurs in
August in the Augustan calendar.
On this day, Buddhists offer prayers both to their departed forefathers and to
their living parents and elders.
It is generally believed that one who performs a good deed accumulates spiritual
merit. It is considered an even more pious act when the merit earned is shared
with departed souls, which will help them to be reborn in good realms and
alleviate their suffering.
Ullambana is celebrated by Buddhists the world over. Though there are slight
variations in certain customs and beliefs, the fundamental rituals remain
essentially the same. Besides offering prayers to the souls of deceased
ancestors and welfare of their parents, people carry offerings such as food,
medicine and clothes for monks and nuns in monasteries.
In China and Taiwan, Ullambana has absorbed the traditional Ghost Festival,
which has the similar goal of praying for the welfare of departed souls. The two
festivals are together celebrated as Chung Yuan Putu, translated as "Mid-origin
Passage to Universal Salvation". On this day, an offering of meat, together with
a prodigious table of wine is made to one's ancestors and ghosts from the
netherworld.
In Singapore, the festival is known as Ching Ming Jie.
The date of Ullambana depends on the calendar that is followed, and varies
slightly in different parts of the world.
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