Christmas is one of the most popular festivals around the world. The approaching
winter season indicates us that Christmas is around and we usually associate the
winter with the Christmas celebration and with 25th December as the birth of
Lord Christ. However to your amazement, the history of Christmas dates back over
4000 years and it tells us that celebration during the winter season were
common, even way before the Christ was born. It has been celebrated at different
places for different reasons and it was quite later that the date of the
celebration was fixed to be 25th December. Explore the chronological description
of the emergence of Christmas celebrations in the following paragraphs.
Since the times of early Mesopotamia celebrations, there were grand celebrations
with bonfires, yule log, sharing of gifts, carnivals and parades during the time
that is now known as Christmas season in the honor of their chief god, Marduk.
It was believed that every year the God had to wage a war with monsters of chaos
in the winter season and the Mesopotamian king had to swear his faithfulness to
the god and return with Marduk to battle at his side. This called for sacrifice
of the king, which was indeed not a practical thing to do and hence a criminal
condemned to death was crowned as the 'mock king' and dressed in royal dress and
given all the privileges and respect of the king and then was sacrificed like
the King himself. Ancient Greeks had a similar festival where their God Kronos
fought against the tyrant God Zeus and his Titans.
Persians and Babylonians celebrated the festival of Sacaea to spread the message
of universal love. 25th December has been sacred to the pagans of Romans and the
Persians following Mithraism as their religion and on this day, the slaves
swapped positions with their masters and could treat the masters as their
slaves. Early superstitious Europeans performed special rituals during the
Winter Solstice to persuade the sun to come back as they believed that winter
was the season for evil spirits, witches, ghosts and trolls. Scandinavians even
sent scouts to look for sun on the mountaintops who would rush back to the
village as soon as they saw the first rays of the sun to deliver the good news.
The good news was enough cause for them to celebrate Yuletide, when a great
feast was held around the bonfires made of Yule logs. Some of the people would
tie apples on the branches of the coniferous trees in the hope of approaching
Spring and Summer.
Romans celebrated Saturnalia from mid-December to 1st of January in the honor of
their pagan god Saturn that featured shouts of 'Jo Saturnalia!' masquerades,
grand feasts and exchange of Strenae or lucky fruits as gifts. Christmas, in its
early days, was observed as the solemn and religious holiday as the birth of
Christ that merged later on with the joyous activity of Saturnalia with the
increasing number of converts until at last church approved of these
celebrations within certain limits. It is believed that Christmas celebrations
are being held since 98 AD though; it was 39 years later that the Bishop of Rome
ordered a solemn feast to be held every year to the Christmas Eve. It took more
than another two centuries for the Bishop of Rome, Julius I, to chose December
25th as the day of observance of Christmas.
